股權設計是一項專業而又復雜的任務，需要考慮諸多因素，如公司的規模、業務類型、股東的利益和風險偏好等。為了解決對公司的控制權與決策權問題，股權架構的設計需要遵循一定的原則和技巧。

Equity design is a professional and complex task that requires consideration of various factors such as company size, business type, shareholder interests, and risk preferences. In order to address the issue of control and decision-making power over the company, the design of equity structure needs to follow certain principles and techniques.

股權設計應該確保公司控制權和決策權的穩定和平衡。可以通過設置不同比例的股權來實現，如通過大股東和小股東的股權比例不同，從而在公司決策中擁有不同的權重和影響力。也可以通過設置表決權機制來平衡不同股東的利益，例如，優先股股東通常擁有更多的表決權。

Equity design should ensure the stability and balance of the company's control and decision-making power. This can be achieved by setting different proportions of equity, such as having different weights and influences in company decision-making through the different equity ratios of major and minor shareholders. It is also possible to balance the interests of different shareholders by establishing a voting mechanism, for example, preferred shareholders usually have more voting rights.

要確保創始人或團隊持有相對較大的股權比例，從而在股東會中掌握更大的話語權。可以通過設立股權激勵計劃、員工持股計劃等方式，使核心團隊持有更多股份，鞏固對公司的控制。

To ensure that the founder or team holds a relatively large proportion of equity, in order to have greater say in the shareholders' meeting. By establishing equity incentive plans, employee stock ownership plans, and other means, the core team can hold more shares and consolidate their control over the company.

合理設置股權結構，將控制權集中于少數股東手中。可以采用金字塔股權結構、交叉持股等方式，使控制鏈清晰明確，防止外部勢力干擾公司運營。同時注意股權分散與集中的平衡。在保證控制權的同時，也要吸引外部投資實現資源共享。可以通過設置優先股、調整投票權等方式，實現股權的合理配置。

Reasonably establish equity structure and concentrate control in the hands of minority shareholders. Pyramid equity structure and cross shareholding can be adopted to make the control chain clear and prevent external forces from interfering with the company's operations. Pay attention to the balance between equity diversification and concentration. While ensuring control, it is also necessary to attract external investment to achieve resource sharing. Reasonable allocation of equity can be achieved through setting preferred shares, adjusting voting rights, and other methods.

在進行股權設計時可以參照以下方式

When designing equity, the following methods can be referred to

協議控制：

Protocol control:

股東意見不一致，可通過(一致行動人協議)與(投票權委托協議)進行約定，提高話語權和決策效率。

If shareholders have different opinions, an agreement can be made through the (concerted action agreement) and the (voting authorization agreement) to improve their voice and decision-making efficiency.

股權代持

Equity proxy holding

實際出資人將其股權交給代持人持有，大股東也可以用股權代持保持公司控制權。但股權代持存在一定風險性，建議謹慎使用。

The actual investor transfers their equity to a proxy holder, and the major shareholder can also use the equity proxy to maintain control of the company. However, there is a certain level of risk associated with equity proxy holding, and it is recommended to use it with caution.

公司章程約定

Articles of Association Agreement

有限責任公司中，可以通過在章程中約定表決權不按持股比例行使的方式，做到分紅和決策分離。

In a limited liability company, the separation of dividends and decision-making can be achieved by stipulating in the articles of association that voting rights are not exercised in proportion to shareholding.

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